The 4 Cardinal Rules of Gun Safety (Quick Answer)

The 4 cardinal rules of gun safety are:

1. Treat every firearm as if it is loaded — always check the chamber, never assume a gun is empty.
2. Never point the muzzle at anything you are not willing to destroy — safe direction, every second, no exceptions.
3. Keep your finger off the trigger until your sights are on target and you have decided to shoot — indexed above the trigger guard otherwise.
4. Know your target and what is beyond it — bullets over-penetrate, miss, and ricochet; identify the backstop before you fire.

These four rules were codified by Colonel Jeff Cooper and are now taught by the NRA, NSSF, and every major law-enforcement and military program worldwide. They work as a layered defence: follow all four and an accident becomes almost impossible.